philosophy is made

This book is the lecture notes formed by the author after giving lectures to beginners in philosophy. It was first published in 1978 and has been revised and republished twice since then. This book is the last revised version of the author (the third edition in 1996). This book has been well received by the philosophy departments of many universities in the world and has been listed as a textbook. Different from general introductions to philosophy, this book is purely about philosophical "techniques": what is effective philosophical thinking and argumentation; what are the methods of philosophical argumentation; How to read predecessors' writing and arguments on this issue, how to put forward your own original views, form philosophical writing, and so on. When explaining various forms and methods of argumentation, the author gives many specific examples, and the operation of some examples is very detailed, in-depth and consistent, which is very suitable for readers who want to understand the "internal strength" of philosophy and beginners majoring in philosophy. Let readers realize that it is not enough to know the names and opinions of famous philosophers in the history of philosophy. Only by receiving training in thinking and writing under the correct method and participating in philosophical work can one do philosophy.